The process of refraction in prisms is understood easily with the use of light rays and snells law. An entire image is generally produced simultaneously, as by the lens in a camera. Geometrical optics a light source emits light uniformly in all directions of the three. Light can behave in many ways like a wave or a packet of photons which travel in a straight line exhibiting the property of rectilinear propagation. Representing refraction with ray diagrams esbn7 it is useful to draw ray diagrams to understand how the geometrical optics concepts we have discussed previously work. Free pdf download of hc verma solutions for class 11 physics part1 chapter 18 geometrical optics solved by expert physics teachers on. Algebrabased is a secondyear physics course designed for high school students in grade 12 who have completed honors or ap physics 1. This book starts with fermats principle and derives the three laws of geometrical optics from it. B the greater the density of the medium, the smaller the speed of the wave in the medium 4. Optics notes topics in these notes are wave properties polarization focal lengths geometrical optics i. If the matter is moving in a direction that is perpendicular to the waves di. Siyavulas open physical sciences grade 11 textbook, chapter 5 on geometrical optics covering summary of properties of light.
Summary of properties of light geometrical optics siyavula. Optical imaging starts with geometrical optics, and ray tracing lies at its forefront. Geometrical optics please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going a3a4 and using back to back on the photocopier. These lessons have been designed to be used as a teaching tool, either as individual lessons or as a series, or they can be used as a revision. Nasa goddard photo and video, via flickr learning objectives 25. This series revises previous knowledge on reflection in plain mirrors. Fhsst is a project that aims to provide free science and mathematics textbooks for grades 10 to 12 science learners. Good notes that explain refraction, mirages, tir and the sparkle of diamonds.
Optics notes massachusetts institute of technology. A ray of light gives the direction of propagation of light. Siyavulas open physical sciences grade 11 textbook, chapter 5 on geometrical optics covering critical angles and total internal reflection. Download grade 11 geometric optics questions document.
The grade received from this activity accounts for. This book is an up to date, introductory treatment of geometrical optics, from the point of view of the future optics practitioner. Through this course you will investigate physical phenomena, including motion, contact forces and mechanical waves. Critical angles and total internal reflection geometrical optics. Hc verma class 11 physics part1 solutions for chapter 18. In this live gr 11 physical sciences show we take a look at refraction. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Physics grade 11 physics ch geometrical optics free download as pdf file. Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays. Geometrical optics and physical optics african virtual university. It is useful to draw ray diagrams to understand how the geometrical optics concepts we have discussed previously work.
Before we can draw the diagrams we need to define a few concepts such as the normal to a surface, the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction. Physics 11 is a selfstudy, interactive course that provides an introductory insight into the understanding of our physical world by examining the scope, nature, relevance and limitations of physics. Understanding how light rays can be manipulated allows us to create better contact lenses, fiber optic cables, and. Grade 10 revision of grade 9 states of matter and the kinetic. The principles of gaussian optics and firstorder layout and design are emphasized, based on the tracing of two paraxial rays and the associated optical invariant. Light waves can be bent and reflected to form new and sometimes altered images. This paper formed part of a larger study, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an optics teaching module in enhancing grade 11 learners conceptual understanding about optical phenomena. Optical fibres are made of very transparent glass or plastic. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. It is a medium through which light is propagated partially.
Concepts of physics part 1, numerical problems with their solutions, short answer solutions for chapter 18 geometrical optics from the latest edition of hc verma book. Siyavulas open physical sciences grade 11 textbook, chapter 5 on geometrical optics covering summary. The wave fronts are spherical, and the direction of motion of the wave is perpendicular to the wave front, as depicted in figure. Archimedes and other ancient greek thinkers made original contributions but we mention here heron of alexandria c. A the smaller the speed of the wave in the medium, the greater the density of the medium 3. Mirrors, like lenses, can also form images that in turn are captured by your eye. Snells law was used to calculate the angle of refraction. Textbooks for high school students studying the sciences physics grades 10 12 version 0 november 9, 2008. Light from this page or screen is formed into an image by the lens of your eye, much as the lens of the camera that made this photograph.
Geometrical optics and optical design oxford series in. Click here to download the chapter as a pdf chapter, geometrical optics comes from the fhsst free high school science texts physics textbook. The questions are about reflection, refraction, critical angle, lenses, reflectors, light rays propagating through different mediums, refractive index of materials, etc. A upright, magnified and real b upright, the same size and virtual c inverted, demagnified and real d inverted, magnified and virtual. This physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the law of reflection. To read more, buy study materials of ray optics and optical instruments comprising study notes, revision notes, video lectures, previous year solved questions etc. Cross grade comparison of students conceptual understanding with lenses in geometric optics g. Physics 11 online course navigate nides online high. Hc verma solutions chapter 18 geometrical optics for. In geometrical optics we represent light rays with arrows with straight lines. The ray in geometric optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. Jun 19, 2016 on this page you can read or download grade 11 geometric optics questions in pdf format. To get answer to any question related to iit jee ray optics study material click here. Geometrical optics b c and focus f of a concave mirror, the image formed 7.
Optics questions with solutions and explanations at the bottom of the page. On this page you can read or download grade 11 geometric optics questions in pdf format. Explain how it can sparkle with flashes of brilliant color when illuminated by white light. Light rays are not an exact description of the light.
For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. A highquality diamond may be quite clear and colorless, transmitting all visible wavelengths with little absorption. An optical image may be regarded as the apparent reproduction of an object by a lens or mirror system, employing light as a carrier. Longitudal waves are those in which the displacement of the mediumor eld is in the direction of the wave. Revision notes on ray optics and optical instruments.
Join helen and her guest, thabiso, as they discus how to teach geometric optics. Geometrical optics hc verma concepts of physics solutions. It is a medium through which light can be propagated easily. All the exercise of chapter 18 geometrical optics questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks. The affinity between the conception of geometrical optics, as hamilton had founded it, and the treatment of mechanics by the methods that lagrange had developed in his mecanique analytique is so great that hamilton could carry over all. Wave properties in general there are two types of waves.
Optics benjamin crowell book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks optics. Light rays are lines which are perpendicular to the lights wavefronts. In this lesson we define and explain the refraction of light as well as the concept of refractive index. Students commonly find the field of physics difficult. After discussing imaging by refracting and reflecting systems, paraxial ray tracing is used to determine the size of imaging elements and obscuration in. Is it possible that total internal reflection plays a role in rainbows. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Understanding how light rays can be manipulated allows us to create better contact lenses, fiber optic cables, and high powered telescopes. These questions may be used to practice for the sat physics test. Apr 23, 2014 join helen and her guest, thabiso, as they discus how to teach geometric optics. Textbooks for high school students studying the sciences physics grades 10 12.
Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. Doc scientia physics answer book grade 11 93 unit 1. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. The course is an introduction to geometrical optics. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. Chapter 18 geometrical optics solutions from hc verma solutions for class 11 physics part 1. Physics, chapter, geometrical optics grade 11 curriki. When an object is placed in front of a plane mirror the image is. Sc part 1 physics notes for the ninth chapter having the solution to exercise short questions, numerical problems and theory to the point. These lessons have been designed to be used as a teaching tool, either as individual lessons or as a series, or they can be used as a revision tool. Pdf exploring grade 11 learners conceptual understanding. One of the subjects with which they have difficulties is optics within a physics discipline.
Which of the following types of electromagnetic waves travels fastest in a vacuum. Physics grade 11 physics ch geometrical optics lens optics. The course covers topics and concepts typically included in the second semester of an algebrabased, introductory collegelevel physics course. A guide to geometric optics teaching approach in this series we explain geometric optics. The ray aspect of light list the ways by which light travels from a source to another location. Geometrical optics deals with the propagation of light in a straight line and phenomena such as reflection, refraction, polarization, etc.
Siyavulas open physical sciences grade 11 textbook, chapter 5 on geometrical optics covering snells law. This practice book contains one actual fulllength gre physics test testtaking strategies become familiar with test structure and content test instructions and answering procedures compare your practice test results with the performance of those who took the test at a gre administration. It is shown that the sizes of the angles of incidence and refraction are related to the speed of the light through the medium. Law of reflection geometric optics physics youtube.
509 318 948 128 331 68 1330 1299 1369 1413 821 1177 964 1220 1016 443 291 691 548 1519 341 28 469 226 748 771 844 802 1063 508 1464 1273 1368 1084 1427 1166 1313 1488 1036 233 1487 810